Expectations and feelings of the Olympiakos athletes (2023)

Most of the previous research on the relationship between relative performance and subjective well-being has focused on relative earnings. However, the direction of this relationship can be positive or negative. Determining the target group for comparison can be difficult. This study focuses on a sample in which "other relatives" (Olympians) are particularly prominent and explores related achievement using another "currency": medals. While previous research shows that bronze medalists are happier than silver medalists, we don't find any difference unless there is a relatively close race at the bottom of the podium in contention between silver, bronze, and fourth. The differential distribution approach can be used to investigate the marginal effects of ranking.

Comparison with other athletes and the resulting effects on emotions, motivation, and effort are a natural and integral part of athletic performance. The current study examined upward comparison bias in athletes. In addition, we tested how comparison processes affect motivation (ie, self-improvement motivation, inactivity, disengagement), affect (ie, happiness and shame), and performance enhancement as behavioral measures of effort. Freshmen from an elite sports university voluntarily participated in a one-semester (6-month) experiential sampling study. Contrary to our predictions, athletes generally did not compare up rather than down, and only a few subscales of the two sport-specific measures of readiness (achievement-specific motivation and sport orientation) predicted up-comparison. As hypothesized, bottom-up comparison with moderately better individuals was associated with higher motivation, whereas extreme bottom-up comparison was associated with lower motivation and higher disengagement. However, the upward comparison during the semester significantly predicted success at the end of the semester. Downward comparison was associated with motivation to ride at the limit and lower levels of performance. Happiness decreased with an upward comparison and increased with a downward comparison. The opposite was true for feelings of shame. This research highlights the role of the social environment in sport and how training partners, depending on their inferiority or superiority, can enhance or hinder athletes' motivation and performance.

The determinants of emotions proposed by appraisal theory, goal-directed theory, and predictive processing theory are compared. The first theory attributes a role to multiple factors (goal-related factors, expectation-related factors, and control), the second theory focuses only on goal-related factors, and the third theory focuses only on control-related factors. the expectation. We test each of the theories in the light of (some) empirical evidence and consider whether the increasing parsimony of the second and third theories comes at the cost of reach or if there are ways around it.

Decisions often spark significant levels of doubt and regret, but little is known about how these experiences are related. In six study groups (and two pilot studies, in totalnorte=2268), we constantly find that doubts ariseafterdecision (i.e., when people begin to question whether they made the right choice) increases regret through an increased feeling of responsibility for the poor choice. These results are consistent with decision justification theory (Connolly & Zeelenberg, 2002) and sadness regulation theory (Zeelenberg & Pieters, 2007), but not with subjective satisfaction expectancy (SEP) theory. ; Mellers, Schwartz, & Ritov, 1999). .). That is, SEP would predict less regret because those who already doubted their decision should be less surprised to learn that their decision could have been better (compared to those who were sure they made the right decision). We find mixed results for the effect of post-decision doubt on relief experience, and there is no support for a relationship between an individual's degree of doubtbackdecision and intensity of repentance. Implications and future directions are discussed.

This article investigates the effects of competition outcomes on health using the lifespan and colors of US Olympic medals as a natural experiment. While the life expectancy of the gold and bronze medals does not differ significantly, the life expectancy of the silver medals is approximately 2.4 and 3.9 years shorter than the former. These findings can be easily explained by insights from behavioral economics, psychology, and human biology, which suggest that unsatisfactory (perceived) results of competition can negatively affect health. Effects of competition influencing socioeconomic status (SES) could therefore play an important causal role in the positive SES-health gradient in the general population.

This article compares mortality among gold and silver medalists in Olympic track and field to study how performance affects health. Contrary to popular belief, winners die more than a year before losers. I find strong evidence for differences in earnings and occupational choice as a mechanism. The losers were in higher-paying occupations than the winners according to individual censuses. I find no evidence consistent with choice or risk taking. The way people respond to success or failure in critical life events can have long-term health consequences.

Chaos, solitons and fractals, volume 96, 2017, p. 130-131

We consider a complex differential system with a tight saddle at the beginning. We calculate the sizes of the resonant saddle and using Gröbner bases we find the installation conditions for such systems up to a point. We also make assumptions about the fouling conditions for such systems when they are of arbitrary degree.

Advances in Brain Research, Volume 232, 2017, p. 159-165

Based on a study by Hardy et al. As a specific article, in this commentary we focus on the experiences and consequences associated with the adversity of the Olympic and/or world champions in the sample. With this in mind, we divided the narrative into two main parts. In the first section, we explore the link between experiences of adversity and Olympic success and provide further evidence to support the idea that experiences of adversity areesessential for success at the highest sporting level. In the second section, we discuss the role of adversity-related experiences in Olympic success by considering a number of important psychosocial processes necessary for peak performance. We conclude by reflecting on the main issues (controversial and ethical) in the study and practice of experiences related to adversity and sports performance. We hope that our commentary complements the existing literature and is useful for future studies and practices in performance sports.

Journal of Research in Personality, Volumen 47, Número 5, 2013, p. 626-633

Despite the remarkable stability of life satisfaction across the lifetime, it may be adaptive in detecting changes in life satisfaction. We shed new light on this issue with data from 766 people across three age groups and past, present, and future perceptions of life satisfaction across the lifetime. On average, the participants were more satisfied with their current life. When looking back, satisfaction increases from the past to the present, and when looking forward, satisfaction decreases in the future. The trajectories were best fitted using a curvilinear growth model. Neuroticism and extraversion predicted the level of the trajectory, but none of the Big Five predicted the slope. We conclude that people have the ability to adapt to perceive the current life as the best possible.

Physiology and behavior, svezak 198, 2019., str. 102-107

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of semi-final (SFM) and final (FM) matches on salivary testosterone (T), anxiety, perceived exercise rating (session-RPE) and perceived performance (PP). . in elite men's youth basketball. Data from 25 players who participated ≥15 minutes in 6 evaluated matches consisting of SFM (n=3, 1 match for each age group [U15, U16 and U17]) and FM (n=3, 1 match for each age category). age group) were retained for analysis. Saliva samples were taken before and after the games. Video recordings of the matches were made to assess the participation of the players in the match (technical and tactical actions). Anxiety (CSAI-2) was assessed before saliva sample collection before the match, and session-RPE and PP were assessed after the matches. A significant increase in T was observed from pre-post bouts (SFM and FM, F=24.40, p<0.001), with no effect of condition (F=1.70, p=0.20) or interaction (F=0.006, p =. 93). No significant correlation was observed between changes in T saliva (before matches) and match participation (p > 0.05). However, higher levels of stress, session RPE and PP were observed for FM (p<0.05). The results of this study indicate that while the increase in T in winners may be considered a hormonal response to support the expression of high state cues, regardless of the playoff round (SFM or FM), T and perceptual responses may explain. it is based on psychological aspects related to the environment and not on technical requirements or the player's participation in the match.

Journal of Computational Science, svezak 25, 2018, str. 318-326

Historically, the assessment of nonverbal behaviors, such as facial expressions and gestures, has relied heavily on observations with the naked eye. Previous studies have shown that manual analysis of microexpressions can be laborious and time-consuming, and often has a low level of reliability. However, new technology can create new opportunities to improve this type of research. This research applied three feature extraction algorithms from the field of computer science to help measure subtle dynamic movements in the human face. A Constraint Local Model (CLM) algorithm was used for face detection and landmark tracking. the coordinates of the change of position in the entire frame indicate the local activity of the face. Based on these characteristics, facial regions of interest (ROI) were identified for further analysis using local binary pattern (LBP) and optical flow (OF). The LBP algorithm was used to extract ROI texture information and measure inter-frame correlations. OF was used to analyze facial actions as a function of the main direction and distance of movement. The results of the three methods were then compared by manual coding. The proposed methods, especially OF, proved to be robust and reliable.

Psychological Journal, volume 180, 2017, p. 1-7

Humans often fail to solve deceptively simple math problems, a tendency amply demonstrated by the bat-and-ball problem. The most important explanation for this finding is that, to save cognitive effort, people substitute a difficult task for an easier one without being aware of the substitution. Despite the latter hypothesis, recent studies have found reduced levels of post-decision confidence ratings when people gave an answer that was easier to calculate, suggesting that people are sensitive to their mistakes. In the current study, we investigate a mechanism that could explain such a drop in people's confidence ratings when they make a mistake: their efforts to ensure that their answer is correct (verification) and the perceived level of difficulty of the task (verifiability). . We found that these two factors predicted people's confidence, suggesting that self-reported perceived task difficulty and their effort to confirm their response may determine their confidence. Implications for current models of postdecision trust in problem reasoning are discussed.