Steve Embber: With the Flight Learn English, this is the creation of an American nation - special history in English. I am Steve Eber.
This week we continue our history of the American Revolution in our series.
On July 4, seventeen seventy years, the second continental congress in Philadelphia approved the Declaration of Independence. The new country, the United States of America, in the war with its former colonial governing, Britain.Decision to explain independence agreed.
No one knows for sure how many Americans Britain remained loyal.
Today, many historians believe that only about twenty percent of Siedler supported Britain. Some settlers supported the team that seemed to be overcome.
Up to thirty thousand Americans fought for the British during the war. The United Kingdom helped report the movements of US troops.
Who supported Britain? These groups included people who were named their work by the king. They also included leaders of the Anglican Church and people with commercial connections with the British.
Professor Gordon Wood at Brown University in Rhode Island says many minority group settlers remained loyal to King.
"One of the problems of the US Revolution, which was very fast with a relatively democratic society. So the protection of the minority becomes a problem."
Other people remained loyal because they did not want change or because they believed that independence would not improve their lives. Some of them thought that British government actions were not bad enough to reach a rebellion. They did not believe the rebels could have the rebels could win the rebels could winA war against a nation that is as powerful as Great Britain.
The American Indians did not agree with the revolution. Congress knew that he had to make up with the Indians to avoid problems, US authorities tried to prevent settlers from moving to Indian countries.
In some places, the Indians joined the Americans, but usually supported the British, the British, but when the British seemed to lose the battle.
The Americans do not forget that the Indians fought for the British. When the war ended, the Americans believed the Indians were due.
African slaves in the colonies were also divided on which side during the American Revolution.
Thousands of slaves fought for the British. The British offered them freedom when they served in the army or navy.
Some US states also offered free slaves that served and hundreds of free blacks fought on the American side. However, many slaves believed that their possibilities of freedom for the British were better.
At least five thousand blacks served the US colonial forces. Most had no other option. They were slaves and their owners took them to the war or sent them instead of their owners' children.
Other slaves believed that a nation built on freedom could share part of that freedom with them.
In the south, many slave owners kept their slaves at home instead of sending them to the fight. Marina was not separated from whites. They watched whites during the American Revolution.
But historians say that most slaves adopted war as they always did: work on their owners' farms.
The American rebels called themselves patriots. Those who supported the British were forced to the cities in which they lived all their lives. Some were tortured or turned off.
In New Jersey, conservatives and patriots fought with weapons and sometimes burned their homes and farms.
Some historians say the US Revolution was really the country's first civil war. The revolution shared many families.
Jayne Gordon, from the historical society of Massachusett, talks about a woman named Phoebe.
"And we thought of how it should have been to Phoebe, in the middle between her husband and brother. So this is a perfect example of a family that was shared."
The patriots also divided into their thinking. The colonies really did not see each other as a nation. The United States seemed more like the European Union today.
"When Jefferson 'my country' said, he referred to Virginia. When John Adams 'my country' said, he referred to Massachusetts."
This meant that Congress could not order the states to do something they did not want. Congress could not require states to offer money for war. He could only ask for help from her.
George Washington, the main general, could not recruit men from the army.
Just as Americans not all agreed with the war, the British people did not agree. Many supported the government's decision to fight.To do what they wanted.
However, King George could not do that. He supported the war to continue his power in the world and save British honor in the eyes of other national leaders.
Regardless of the side of the British citizens, there was no doubt that the war in Britain caused serious problems. British entrepreneurs could no longer deal with American colonies. Prices increased.Real use to serve in real service, served in real services to serve in the actual service, had to serve in real services to serve in the actual service, in order to serve the actual service to serve the actual area, had to serve in the actual service toServe in the actual area, had to serve in the actual service to serve in the real area, had to serve in the real service to serve in the real area, had to serve in the real service, to serve in the real area.Marinho.
At the beginning of the war, the British believed that the rebellion was led by some New England extremists. They thought the other colonies would come if this area surrounded and controlled.
The British changed their plans after being defeated at the Battle of Saratoga in New York. The historian Gordon Wood says British loss has changed the nature of war.
"At this point, the French feel that Americans can reach it and therefore can give their support. As soon as the French go on board, the British are really in panic. At that time, they offered everything they wanted, everything they wanted,Except. Independence, but it was too late. "
The British had many problems at war. These troops were away from home through a wide ocean. It was hard to bring more troops and supplies. Gordon Wood says the Atlantic distance was one of the reasons why British lost the British.
"Although they were the most powerful nation in the world, they had an excellent army and, of course, they completely controlled the oceans. And they were dealing with George Washington's army and many militias, and they couldn't do that."
General Washington's army also had its own problems. Congress never had enough money. States generally did not do what they should do. And citizens were not always ready to fight. Soldiers were poorly trained and promised to serve for only one year or something like this.
The political and economic developments of the American Revolution not only referred to Americans and British. European nations have observed events in the United States very accurately. These events and reactions in Europe will be our history next week.
You can find our series according to transcripts, mp3, podcasts, and images on VoaspecialgLish.com.You can also follow us on Facebook and Twitter in Flights Learning English.
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This was Program No. 13